Pronunciation

As mentioned the Noongar language is a dialect continuum and an oral language, which is reflected in variations in spelling and pronunciation, which is of course is not unusual in any language. Australian English is notably different to that of Scots English and different again to Received Pronunciation.

Most people of the Perth region would be familiar with the suburb "Balga" which is the Noongar word for the grass tree, however this may also be pronounced and spelled "Balka". The Rainbow Serpent may be pronounced and spelled as "waagal", "wargal", "waugal", "woggaal", "wakal", or "wagyl".

Keeping this in mind, the following is a guide for pronunciation and there will be regional dialects. The examples following are compiled from Curtin University's Noongar Language and Culture course, A.J. Bussel's "Dornderup Wongie", who makes the following excellent observation:

Anyone who wishes to pronounce these words with' ng' in them, some of which I will give a list of, must place his or her tongue in a particular way in the mouth. It would be impossible to pronounce any of the following words which are mostly names with the tip of the tongue which we and in fact most other peoples, as far as I know, mostly do but instead place the back of the surface of the tongue to the roof of mouth, otherwise it is impossible to pronounce the words where the 'ng' is.... Anywhere 'ng' comes - front, middle or end of the word - the back of the tongue must be used to pronounce the syllable with 'ng' in it.

The following examples are from Curtin University's Noongar Language and Culture course. Note that whilst there are extended double vowels, there are no diphthong, the combining of two different vowels for a new sound.

VOWEL	NOONGAR WORD EXAMPLE		SOUNDS LIKE IN ENGLISH
a	Kambarang (Kambarang season)	as in 'cat'
aa	kaa-kaa (kookaburra) 		as in 'car'
e	djena/djen (foot)		as in 'ten'
i	bidit (ants)			as in 'hit'
o	nop (boy)			as in 'stop'
oo	koolbardi (magpies)		as in 'book'
CONSONANT	NOONGAR WORD EXAMPLE		SOUNDS LIKE IN ENGLISH
B		bindi-bindi (butterfly)		as in 'bin'
Bw		bwoka (kangaroo cloak)		as in 'bw'
D		darp (knife)			as in 'dark'
Dj		djen (foot)			as in 'judge'
Dw		dwert (dog)			as in 'twitch'
K		kar (spider)			as in 'skill'
Kw		kwila (shark)			as in 'quiet'
L		kwillena (dophin) 		as in 'quill'
-ly		bilya (river)			as in 'million'
M		maaman (men) or maam (man)	as in 'man'
N		noort (fly)			as in 'nil'
Ng		Ngany (me, I/I am)		as in 'sing'
Ny		nyininy (sitting)		as in 'onion'
-p		nop  (boy)			as in 'spin'
rn		ngarna (ours)			as in 'barn', trilled r 
-rd		karda (racehorse goanna)	as in 'card', trilled r 
-rt		moort (family)			as in 'cart', trilled r 
-rl		worl (sky)			as in 'whirl', trilled r 
-rn		yoornaa (bobtail)		as in 'torn' 
-t		kaat (head/hill)		as in 'hot'
-tj		wetj (emu)			as in 'chair'
w		waardiny (searching)		as in 'well'
y		yongka (kangaroo)		as in 'yell'

‘b’ and ‘p’ have a very similar sound, and are often used interchangeably in spelling – for example djerapin and djerabin (happy)
‘dw’ and the English ‘t’ have a very similar sound
‘dj’ and ‘tj’ have a very similar sound
‘rd’ and ‘rt’ have a very similar sound
‘rr’ has an extended trill.

The letters ‘ngk’ come together (such as YONGKA, WAANGKA, NGAANGK) – and when these letters come together there is often dialect differences in pronunciation. For example, generally speaking the ‘k’ sound has more of a ‘g’ sound (as in ‘go’) when spoken by people North of Perth/northern Noongar regions (note when there’s no letter after the ‘k’ the inflection sound is softer). However in the south, the ‘k’ sound tends to be more a ‘k’ (as in ‘cat’) sound with a soften inflection c.f., Balga, Balka.

The pronunciation ‘ny’ as in ‘new’ and ‘ng’ is in ‘ing’ in sing is pronounced with the tongue more to the back of the palate, and a slightly nasal sound. An interesting and challenging combination for English-speakers is the word for "me" or "I", or "I am", which is "Ngany".

"Kyan gadac" makes the following observation about pronounciation of sentences which is worth keeping in mind and practicing.

Collett Barker, in 1830, wrote about Noongar visitors arriving at King Georges Sound “when they have something important to say they say it in a sort of recitative”, Nind referred to “a chant”. The traditional language was sung as much as it was spoken. When I read this sort of thing, I feel that we have missed out on a high culture where everyday conversation was an art form that would leave the salons of Europe for dead.